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Wieso Smart Contracts die Erwartungen enttäuschen müssen
Was Juristen seit Jahrhunderten nicht geschafft haben, wollten Blockchain-Enthusiasten per Code regeln. Doch so leicht ist das nicht, wie der DAO-Hack zeigt. Dabei hätte man aus der Rechtsgeschichte lernen können. An einer Schnittstelle zur formalisierten Streitschlichtung geht kein Weg mehr vorbei.
Schon lange träumen Juristen davon, ein Gesetz zu formulieren, dem es gelingt, alle Problemfälle dieser Welt zu erfassen. Egal, was auch passieren mag: Das Recht gibt eindeutig vor, wie die passende Lösung auszusehen hat. Diesen Traum teilt die Smart-Contract-Community. Ein automatisierter Vertrag soll her, der keiner menschlichen Interpretation bedarf. Alle möglichen Abzweigungen sind der Blockchain schon einprogrammiert. Ein hehres Ziel - doch in der Geschichte des Vertragsrechts stets gescheitert. Auch Smart Contracts sind vor diesem Schicksal nicht gefeit. Learn more / En savoir plus / Mehr erfahren: http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=blockchain
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'Data Protection' Package: a historic agreement
15-12-2015
On 15 December 2015, the Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the European Union reached an informal agreement in trialogues with the European Parliament on the 'Data Protection' Package which will set out new European rules on privacy in the digital age.
The agreement reached by the Luxembourg Presidency will have to be confirmed at the level of the Council of the EU by the 28 Member States, and will be addressed by a Coreper meeting to be held before 21 December 2015.
The 'Data Protection' Package, under negotiation since the European Commission put forward the proposal in January 2012, includes a Regulation establishing the general framework for the protection of personal data and a Directive on the protection of personal data processed for the purpose of law enforcement.
Following the adoption of general approach on the Regulation in the JHA Council of June 2015 and the adoption of a general approach on the Directive in the JHA Council of October 2015, the co-legislators ─ the European Parliament and Council of the European Union acting under the Luxembourg Presidency ─ have been engaged in intense negotiations in order to reach an agreement before the end of 2015.
Félix Braz, Luxembourg's Minister for Justice and President of the Council, declared: 'It is a fundamental agreement with significant consequences. This reform not only strengthens the rights of citizens, but also adapts the rules to the digital age for companies, whilst reducing the administrative burden. They are ambitious and forward-looking texts. We can have full confidence in the result.'
Learn more:
https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/privacy-in-the-digital-world-shouldnt-we-talk-about-it/
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Negotiators of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission have agreed on the first EU-wide legislation on cybersecurity.
Information systems – computing resources such as networks and databases that enable essential services, businesses and the internet to function – are affected by an increasing number of security incidents. These incidents can have different origins, including technical failures, unintentional mistakes, natural disasters or malicious attacks. They could disrupt the supply of essential services we take for granted such as electricity, water, healthcare, or transport services.
It is a priority for the Commission to help prevent these incidents, and in case they occur, provide the most efficient response. This is why the Commission put forward in 2013 a proposal for a Directive to ensure a high common level of network and information security (NIS) in the EU. The European Parliament and the Luxembourg Presidency of the EU Council of Ministers last night reached an agreement on the rules which will:
improve cybersecurity capabilities in Member States
improve Member States' cooperation on cybersecurity
require operators of essential services in the energy, transport, banking and healthcare sectors, and providers of key digital services like search engines and cloud computing, to take appropriate security measures and report incidents to the national authorities
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Université du Luxembourg
Prof. Herwig Hofmann of the Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance has been making international headlines this week thanks to a verdict by the Court of Justice of the European Union in a case against Facebook. Around the globe news media reported on the CJEU’s verdict, which declared the US’s Safe Harbor agreement invalid. The agreement allows US companies to compile data from European users and move them to the US. The CJEU found, however, that not enough was being done to protect user data there, for example from surveillance by the NSA. Some 4,000 companies could reportedly be affected by this verdict, which has raised questions over the future of data transfer between the EU and the US.
Learn more / En savoir plus / Mehr erfahren:
http://www.scoop.it/t/securite-pc-et-internet/?tag=Safe+Harbor
https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/privacy-in-the-digital-world-shouldnt-we-talk-about-it/
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The pervasiveness of online privacy is an acknowledged reality of today’s Internet.
Software licensing, security and usage tracking provider V.i. Labs has analyzed customer data to identify where in the world most software piracy and license misuse originates from. While illegally downloaded movies and music may be the focus of government and financial efforts against piracy, unlicensed software piracy and license misuse run rampant as well, and its prevalence shifts from country to country.
According to the V.i Labs report, which analyzed customer data from its CodeArmor Intelligence software usage-tracking platform, the countries with the highest number of machines running unlicensed software this year were China, Russia and the United States, respectively.
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Google has hired lobbyists in at least three US states to battle proposed restrictions on driving with headsets such as Google Glass.
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This April saw an increase in the arrests of cybercriminals. Most cases were related directly to stealing money; interestingly, criminals prefer to steal smaller sums from hundreds of credit card h...
Reuters reporter Matthew Keys has been accused of helping Anonymous hack his former employee by handing over log in details and encouraging attackers to 'go f*** some s*** up'.
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The Academy of European Law (ERA) offers training in European law to lawyers, judges, barristers, solicitors, in-house counsel and academics.
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European Commission Press release Brussels, 23 July 2012 Digital Agenda – Commission consults on a future EU Network and Information Security legislative initiative The European Commission is seeking the views of governments, businesses, citizens about their experiences and EU possible responses to cyber incidents which cause disruption to essential Network and Information Systems (NIS), including the internet. The Commission has launched this consultation to help it prepare a legislative proposal on network and information security, which will be an important element of the upcoming EU strategy on Cyber security. Feedback received will help the Commission draw up an approach to possible future risk management and security breach reporting requirements that would affect businesses in particular. The consultation runs until 12 October 2012. Background, read more: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/12/818&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
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Students have access to a large volume of information through the Internet and online library databases, and many new or inexperienced students believe that as long as they are using the information for their school work …...
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Europas Internet-Nutzer bekommen künftig mehr Kontrolle über ihre persönlichen Daten.
Die künftige europäische Datenschutzgrundverordnung soll erstmals europaweit ein einheitliches Datenschutzniveau schaffen und das Recht auf Privatsphäre stärken. Die Reform löst seit 20 Jahren geltendes Recht ab, das vor allem wegen der rasanten Entwicklung des Internets als nicht mehr zeitgemäß gilt.
Damals waren soziale Netzwerke wie Facebook ebenso wenig ein Massenphänomen wie das groß angelegte Sammeln von Verbraucherdaten durch weltweit agierende Internetkonzerne wie Google. Parallel wird im sogenannten Trilog aus Parlament, EU-Rat und Kommission auch über die Datenschutzrichtlinie verhandelt, die Vorgaben für Polizei und Justizbehörden beim Umgang mit Daten macht.
Learn more / En savoir plus / Mehr erfahren:
https://gustmees.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/privacy-in-the-digital-world-shouldnt-we-talk-about-it/
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The Internal Audit Service or IAS is a Directorate-General (DG) of the European Commission that was established in 2001 to provide an increased accountability of the Commission. The Commissioner responsible for the IAS is Frans Timmermans First Vice-President of the European Commission, in charge of Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights.
The mission of the IAS is to: - issue independent audit opinions on the quality of management and internal control systems
- present recommendations aimed at ensuring the efficient and effective achievement of the Commission's objectives
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Das Bundesministerium des Inneren schreibt auf seiner Webseite:
„Betreiber Kritischer Infrastrukturen aus den Bereichen Energie, Informationstechnik und Telekommunikation, Transport und Verkehr, Gesundheit, Wasser, Ernährung sowie Finanz- und Versicherungswesen müssen damit künftig einen Mindeststandard an IT-Sicherheit einhalten und erhebliche IT-Sicherheitsvorfälle an das Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) melden. “
In dem verabschiedeten IT-Sicherheitsgesetz steht außerdem auch, dass Unternehmen mit Bußgeldern rechnen müssen, wenn sie Hackerangriffe nicht melden. Die geplanten Strafen können sich auf bis zu 100.000 Euro belaufen, wenn „die betreffende Störung tatsächlich zu einem Ausfall oder einer Beeinträchtigung der Funktionsfähigkeit der Kritischen Infrastruktur geführt hat“.
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C'est un vrai coup de tonnerre. La directive qui constitue le pilier pour tout ce qui touche aux enquêtes judiciaires et à la lutte contre le terrorisme est invalidée : elle comporte une ingérence d'une vaste ampleur et d'une gravité particulière dans les droits fondamentaux au respect de la vie privée. Le système s'écroule.
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Purdue Students Accused of Hacking into Professors’ Accounts to Change Grades
A proposed federal law in Canada could make certain types of cyberbullying as illegal as distributing child pornography.
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Social media users are increasingly falling foul of the law, so what are the rules on what you can and can't say?
A third individual received a suspended prison sentence in connection with the same attacks
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Possible instructions for educators on how they can work together with the learners. Knowing the tools for 21st Century Learning is primordial to give quality courses. One very important knowledge who needs to get taught is “Critical Thinking”; it brings out also new ideas and the courage to become an engager and helps to try to build a better world in both worlds: “Real World” and “Virtual World” (Internet)! When talking about #criticalthinking then automatically we should talk also about #responsibilities! Find out more: http://gustmees.wordpress.com/2012/05/28/not-only-rights-but-also-responsibility/
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Ein automatisierter Vertrag soll her, der keiner menschlichen Interpretation bedarf. Alle möglichen Abzweigungen sind der Blockchain schon einprogrammiert. Ein hehres Ziel - doch in der Geschichte des Vertragsrechts stets gescheitert. Auch Smart Contracts sind vor diesem Schicksal nicht gefeit.
Learn more / En savoir plus / Mehr erfahren:
http://www.scoop.it/t/21st-century-learning-and-teaching/?tag=blockchain